As the most complex manufactured structures, cities face excessive population growth. Their expansion has intensified on high-risk sites, and the available evidence also indicates the continuous increase of all types of natural crises in terms of intensity and frequency. Scientific and experimental findings show that the best way to deal with danger is to promote the resilience of settlements in different dimensions (social, economic-livelihood, physical-spatial and institutional); in other words, resilience in both human and environmental dimensions comprehensively. It decreases and increases. This research has evaluated and analyzed the components of resilience in Sari. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in nature. The statistical population in this research includes citizens living in the four districts of Sari, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people, who were selected from among the statistical population by stratified sampling. The questionnaire is the method of collecting library and field information and its most important tool. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling) were used by SPSS and Smart PLS software, and entropy and SAW models were exerted. The research results indicate that the situation of the four regions of Sari regarding social components has better conditions than other dimensions of resilience. In terms of institutional components, they have a vulnerable state. According to the entropy model, among the components of resilience, the institutional dimension has the most weight, and the economic dimension has the least weight. Moreover, according to the SAV model, Region 1 ranks first, and Region 3 of Sari ranks last in having the components of resilience dimensions.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to compile effective scenarios for improving the resilience of new Habitations in Isfahan. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method; it is a combination of documentary and survey methods and future research. Investigations have shown that based on possible situations, 10,040 scenarios have been identified to study the resilience of new Habitations in the Metropolitan Isfahan Isfahan against the risk of earthquakes. Of these scenarios, 9999 weak scenarios, 36 high compatibility or believable scenarios and 5 strong scenarios have been identified. Thirty-six scenarios with high compatibility can be divided into four groups according to their proximity, and each group includes several scenarios with almost common characteristics despite the small difference in one or more situations among the 15 key factors. These four groups represent the general framework of the situations governing the future resilience of the studied habitations. According to the results of the examination of different groups of scenarios in this research, scenario number 1 in the first group of scenarios has been introduced as a favorable scenario due to having favorable and complete conditions. Also, among the key factors studied, the collective justice factor, with an average of -4 and a total score of -144, is the most critical key factor in the studied scenarios   Extended Abstract Introduction The inability to accurately predict the future, as well as the complexities of increasing change, has led researchers to take advantage of the emerging knowledge of future studies and bring the issue of foresight into the heart of planning activities and to predict scientific and technological developments.The appropriate effectiveness of today's decision-making is related to recognizing the future situation and how planners deal with it. Accurate knowledge of the future also depends on a suitable method for discovering the future. Today, with traditional planning methods, including outsourcing in the past, it is unlikely to generate reliable foresight in the medium and long term. Futuristic science approaches in planning to find the key factors and drivers of development in the planning space emphasize that in this way, the planner with the lever of control and management of the future to plan optimally for the future. In the urban area of Isfahan, the evolution of industry has played an important role in changing the economic structure and the emergence of a new hierarchy of residential areas and population concentration, especially in Isfahan. In order to overcome the problems caused by urban development, especially to reduce the housing problem and prevent population explosion, reduce the destruction of agricultural land, preserve the cultural texture and control construction, new habitations in Isfahan Metropolitan have been thought and built. Existence of numerous problems and issues, such as active faults with the ability to cause extensive human and financial losses, construction of high-level units outside the rules, weakness of infrastructure services such as medical centers, transportation, etc., extensive migration from inside and outside the province to these habitations, the establishment of heavy industries around these habitations, regardless of the characteristics of the structure, the high age of the building in some of the studied habitations, etc., has increased attention to the issue of resilience in these habitations. Given the importance of futurism has a significant impact on reducing the human and financial losses of human habitations, the question has been raised: What is the most desirable scenario to improve the resilience of new urban habitations in the Isfahan Metropolitan?   Methodology The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, based on the new method of futurology, analytical-structural. Interaction / structural analysis is a method for analyzing the possible occurrence of an issue in a predicted set. Judgments about the potential for interaction between the predicted topics can adjust the probabilities of this. In this study, using 87 variables in the form of 6 dimensions, the interaction of the studied variables has been analyzed, and finally, using the identified key factors, scenarios affecting the resilience of new urban habitations in Isfahan urban area have been developed.   Results and discussion In this research, 54 possible situations have been proposed for 15 key factors. The number of states of selected key factors is between 3-4 possible states for each factor. From a total of 540 possible situations in the table of scenarios with high compatibility in this research, 99 favorable situations (18.33 percent), 69 static situations (12.78 percent), 124 situations on the verge of crisis (22.96 percent), and 248 crises (93.45 percent). The results of the application of Scenario Wizard software in this research have shown that there are 10040 scenarios for studying the resilience of new habitations in Isfahan urban area against the risk of earthquakes, and it is possible to use this number of extracted scenarios to forecast the resilience of the studied habitations. It is not acceptable, and they can only be used statistically. The extracted scenarios can be categorized into three general sections as scenarios with strong compatibility, weak scenarios, and incompatible scenarios. Out of the 10040 scenarios obtained in this research, 9999 weak scenarios, 36 incompatible scenarios and 5 strong scenarios have been identified. In order to determine the optimal scenario among the strong scenarios, an action has been taken. According to the conditions governing the 3 mentioned scenarios, scenario number 1 can be introduced as the optimal scenario in this research because it has 100% suitable conditions.   Conclusion According to the grouping of compatible scenarios, selecting the best scenario from 3 scenarios should be done. As mentioned in the previous topics, the scenarios of the second and third groups cannot be considered and cited due to having many problems; therefore, they should be removed from the review cycle at this stage. The only remaining group of scenarios is the first group, or the group of golden scenarios, which is in the best condition in terms of desirability. Since there is only one scenario in the golden scenario group, scenario number 1 of this research can be introduced as a favorable scenario for the resilience foresight of new urban habitations in the Isfahan Metropolitan. By examining the situation of scenario number 1 in the table of compatible scenarios, this result has been obtained that out of 15 situations, the development of geographical perspectives, increasing the level of awareness about the seismicity of the place of residence, identifying and dealing with dangerous factors, population density of 0-70 people, improving the level of social participation of citizens, increasing the level of social justice among citizens, the dynamism and development of economic and social activities, the development of intellectual and financial support for economic activities, the development of social capital, the improvement of the level of compensation capacities, the greater role of people compared to centers government during an earthquake, reducing damage caused by an earthquake, improving the level of performance of city managers during an earthquake, having a strong urban information bank and a large urban distribution have 100% favorability.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Due to its special natural and geographical conditions, the city of Tonekabon is susceptible to many shocks, including earthquakes and floods, which brings the need to pay attention to urban resilience. The present study was conducted to analyze the state of urban neighborhoods from the perspective of urban resilience components. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The research's statistical population was comprised of citizens living in Tonekabon city. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software programs. The findings of this research showed that the overall resilience of Tonekabon city is in an unfavorable situation. In such a way, the average experimental value obtained for the overall resilience of the city and its dimensions was lower than the average value of 3. Among the localities of the studied area, Karim Abad neighborhood, in which the overall average obtained was equal to 2.78, was in a better condition than other localities, and Tonekabon neighborhood, according to the average (2.39), was in an unfavorable condition among the studied localities. Among the other research findings, among the components of urban resilience, the physical factor with a path coefficient of 0.490 has the most significant impact and was ranked first, followed by the economic factor with a path coefficient of 0.348. In third place is the administrative, institutional factor with a path coefficient of 0.327 and in fourth place is the social dimension with a path coefficient of 0.264.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

مقدمه: مطالعه ی تاب آوری شهرها در مقابل زلزله از الزامات برنامهریزی کاهش خسارات جانی و مالی زلزله در شهرهاست. تاب آوری تعاریف گوناگونی دارد و مدل جامع به منظور محاسبه کمّی آن وجود ندارد. ازاین رو یکی از اهداف این مقاله ارائه شاخصی کمّی برای تاب آوری است. روش: ابتدا با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اخذ نظر خبرگان، ابعاد و شاخص های مؤثر در تاب آوری شهر ها در مقابل زلزله استخراج شد. سپس با استفاده از نظر خبرگان و روش مقایسه ی زوجی، وزن هر یک از ابعاد و شاخص ها معین گردید و در پایان شاخص تاب آوری معرفی شد. یافته ها: در این مقاله ضمن معرفی اجمالی تعاریف بلایا و تاب آوری، ابعاد و شاخص های به دست آمده از مطالعات پیشین و نظرات خبرگان معرفی گردید. این ابعاد و شاخص ها معرف عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تاب آوری شهری در برابر زلزله هستند. بر این اساس، بُعد کالبد که معرف ساختار شهر است، بیشترین سهم و پس از آن بُعد امنیت، مهم ترین عامل در تاب آوری شهر است. در رابطه با شاخص ها نیز شاخص «نسبت ارتفاع ساختمان به عرض معبر» بیشترین تأثیر را از نظر کارشناسان بر تاب آوری شهری در مقابل زلزله داشته است. به نسبت دیگر شاخص ها، تعداد طبقات ساختمانی تأثیر اندکی دارد، زیرا درصورت ساخت با استفاده از سازه ی مناسب، وجود فضای کافی در معبر و دسترسی مناسب به معابر، تعداد طبقات ساختمانی اهمیت چندانی در بروز آسیب پذیری ندارد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: شاخص معرفی شده برای شهرهای مختلف و همچنین استراتژی های مختلف مقاوم سازی و افزایش تاب آوری قابل محاسبه است و این امکان را فراهم می کنند تا استراتژی بهینه از نظر افزایش تاب آوری انتخاب شود. همچنین برنامه ریزان و تصمیم سازان این امکان را دارند تا اثر بخش های گوناگون را در تاب آوری شهر یا منطقه ی مورد مطالعه مشاهده کنند.

در دهه های اخیر موضوع تاب آوری به یک بحث تخصصی و عمومی در جامعه تبدیل شده است. مفاهیم تاب آوری در جوامع شهری که در واقع کنشی علیه توسعه در سطح ملی و توسعه صرفا کالبدی در مقیاس شهری است و تلاشی در جهت دستیابی به معیارهای کیفی در عرصه برنامه ریزی شهری است. در این میان بحث تاب آوری در جوامع شهری به این معناست که جامعه قادر به تحمل سوانح طبیعی شدید باشد بدون آنکه دچار خسارات عمده، آسیب ها، توقف در تولید و کاهش کیفیت زندگی شود و همچنین در نگاه سطحی هدف از تاب آوری به عنوان آرمانی جهانی در سطح فردی، سازمانی و جامعه ای مطرح است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر حکمروایی شهری بر تاب آوری شهرها تدوین شد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را شهروندان ساکن شهر تهران و متخصصین و کارشناسان حوزه پژوهش تشکیل می دادند. حجم نمونه برای گروه آماری شهروندان با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر و برای متخصصین 60 نفر برآورد گردید. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات و دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری در محیط نرم افزار لیزرل بهره گرفته شد. یافته های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که حکمروایی شهری بر تاب آوری شهری تاثیر مستقیمی دارد به گونه ای که 42/0 درصد از واریانس متغیر تاب اوری شهری به وسیله حکمروایی شهری قابل تببین است.